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Without realizing, most archaeologists shift within a scale of interpretation of material culture. Material data is interpreted from the scale of an individual in a specific place and time and then shifts to the complex dynamics of cultural groups extending over time and space. This ignoring of scale is the "concession" archaeologists make to interpretation. The introduction of geographical information systems (GIS) remote sensing, and virtual reality have expanded the scale at which data is interpreted even more, using multiple scales at the same time without recognizing the significance of their actions.

This book discusses the cultural, social and spatial aspects of scale and its impact on archaeology in practical and applicable cases. Each author takes one of the fundamental elements of archaeology - from the experience of time and space to the visualization of individuals, sites and landscapes to the intricacies of archaeological discourse - and shows how an awareness of scale can create new and exciting interpretations.

Author: 

Gary Lock and Brian Leigh Molyneaux, (Editors)

Published: 

2008-01-01, Springer

ISBN: 

978-0-387-75701-8

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Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping, 2nd Edition provides a basic introduction to crime analysis with crime mapping data and techniques for students and practitioners. Instead of focusing on specific technology or the use of it, the text focuses on concepts and practical examples of the concepts. As the only introductory core text book for crime analysis and mapping, this comprehensive text is one that every crime analyst should read and have on his or her shelf for review and reference.

The 2nd Edition includes the following:

- new preface outlines the purpose and intended market for the book

- new chapter (3) links the previous theory chapter to the practice of crime prevention in policing and provides justification for the importance and role of crime analysis in policing

- new chapter (9) discusses how patterns can be used by police and uses those concepts to walk students through the identification of meaningful and useful patterns

- brief new chapter (15) concludes the text and provides a review of how crime analysis fits into policing and crime prevention, its importance, improvements that can be made, and the future of the profession

- expanded discussion of the various types of technology for crime analysis and additional examples of how they can be used. Also included will be a broader discussion of GIS and GPS.

- discussion of the problem-solving process used in policing provides more theoretical and practical context to the process of developing hypotheses and conducting analyses based on these hypotheses.

- brief student study site takes the place of the original bound-in CD-Rom, and provides a link to the ATAC Software, exercise files, police reports, and journal articles

An Instructor’s Resource CD-Rom will provide chapter outlines, PowerPoint slides for each chapter, a sample syllabus, sample exams, and a test bank of multiple-choice and true//false questions (all created by the author).

Author: 

Rachel Boba

Published: 

2009-01-01, SAGE Publications

ISBN: 

9781412968584

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This book provides a series of key examples from practice and research that demonstrate applications of crime mapping and its effect in many areas of policing and crime reduction. This book brings together case studies that show how crime mapping can be used for analysis, intelligence development, monitoring performance, and crime detection and is written by practitioners for practitioners.

Leading researchers in the field describe how crime mapping is developing and exposing analytical methodologies and critiquing current practices. Including global case studies that demonstrate a particular application, analytical technique or new theoretical concept, this text offers a truly global overview of this rapidly growing area of interest.

Unlike other texts on this topic, this book identifies mistakes and challenges in this field of enquiry to aid the reader in understanding the basics of this technique, giving them the opportunity to learn further.

Author: 

Spencer Chainey and Lisa Tompson (Editors)

Published: 

2007-11-01, Wiley

ISBN: 

978-0-470-51608-9

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Recent years in North America have seen a rapid development in the area of crime analysis and mapping using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology.

In 1996, the US National Institute of Justice (NIJ) established the crime mapping research center (CMRC), to promote research, evaluation, development, and dissemination of GIS technology. The long-term goal is to develop a fully functional Crime Analysis System (CAS) with standardized data collection and reporting mechanisms, tools for spatial and temporal analysis, visualization of data and much more. Among the drawbacks of current crime analysis systems is their lack of tools for spatial analysis.

For this reason, spatial analysts should research which current analysis techniques (or variations of such techniques) that have been already successfully applied to other areas (e.g., epidemiology, location-allocation analysis, etc.) can also be employed to the spatial analysis of crime data. This book presents a few of those cases.

Cost: £117 (hardcover) £93.50 (eBook)

Author: 

Leitner, Michael

Published: 

2013-08-01, Springer

ISBN: 

978-94-007-4997-9

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This text brings together differing geographic perspectives in modeling and analysis in order to highlight infrastructure weaknesses or plan for their protection. International scholars, from a variety of disciplines – geography, regional science, planning, public policy, operations research, mathematics, computer science, engineering and transportation, offer varying perspectives on this subject. This text is an important contribution offering synthesis and new methodological approaches. The purpose of this volume is to explore the potential consequences of critical infrastructure failure, stemming from both man-made (e.g., terrorist attacks) and natural disasters (earthquakes, hurricanes, etc.). The approaches employed are wide-ranging, including geographic, economic and social perspectives on critical infrastructure issues.

Author: 

Alan T. Murray and Tony Grubesic (Editors)

Published: 

2007-07-04, Springer

ISBN: 

978-3-540-68055-0

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This book addresses decision making in environmental risk management for contaminated sites, focusing on the potential role of decision support systems in informing the management of chemical pollutants and their effects. Considering the environmental relevance and the financial impacts of contaminated sites all over the post-industrialized countries and the complexity of decision making in environmental risk management, decision support systems can be used by decision makers in order to have a more structured analysis of a problem at hand and define possible options of intervention to solve the problem.

Accordingly, the book provides an analysis of the main steps and tools for the development of decision support systems, namely: environmental risk assessment, decision analysis, spatial analysis and geographic information system, indicators and endpoints. Sections are dedicated to the review of decision support systems for contaminated land management and for inland and coastal waters management. Both include discussions of management problem formulation and of the application of specific decision support systems.

This book is a valuable support for environmental risk managers and for decision makers involved in a sustainable management of contaminated sites, including contaminated lands, river basins and coastal lagoons. Furthermore, it is a basic tool for the environmental scientists who gather data and perform assessments to support decisions, developers of decision support systems, students of environmental science and members of the public who wish to understand the assessment science that supports remedial decisions.

Author: 

Antonio Marcomini, Glenn Walter Suter II and Andrea Critto (Editors)

Published: 

2008-12-01, Springer

ISBN: 

978-0-387-09721-3

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This book aims to be a showcase for cutting edge research offering a high-edited selection of the best paper submitted to the 2006 tourism conference at the University of Surrey, which itself is a celebration of 40 years of tourism education at the University. The emphasis of the book is on contributions which offer new insights and approaches to tourism research rather than case studies or applications of existing research methods to new contexts, and this is where the book is unique.

* Originates from papers presented at the University of Surreys conference on Cutting Edge Research in Tourism, held as a celebration of 40 years of tourism education at the University.
* Include contributions from both high-profile, established researchers in the field, and emerging stars, all of which will offer new insights and approaches to tourism research.
* Chapters are carefully themed and juxtaposed to expose the key directions and challenges that confront researchers in tourism.
* Includes GIS applications used in tourism research.

Author: 

David Airey and John Tribe (Editors)

Published: 

2007-09-01, Elsevier

ISBN: 

0-08-045328-7

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The use of computers in archaeology is entering a new phase of unparalleled development, moving on from a specialist methodology on the margins to a powerful practical and analytical tool used across all areas of archaeological interest. With a thorough examination of the ways in which both everyday and cutting-edge technologies can be used to inform and enhance traditional methods, this book brings together ideology from the academic world and pragmatic, concrete examples to show how fieldwork, theory and technology fit together today as never before.

Covering a history of the rise of computer use in archaeology
the book includes GIS, virtual reality modelling, internet publishing and archiving, and on-site digital recording using such examples as the integrated digital recording of the Ferrybridge Chariot and other case studies from around the world. This volume also discusses ways in which technology can now be used in normal excavations and how this affects the study of archaeology as a whole, from planning to publication.

With contributions from renowned experts, experienced professionals and emerging names in the field, this unique, forward-thinking book brings together previously disparate aspects of archaeology in a new holistic approach to the study of the past. A companion website is also available to allow further study of the images included.

Author: 

Thomas L Evans and Patrick T Daly (Editors)

Published: 

2006-01-01, Taylor & Francis

ISBN: 

0415310504

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While there is a rich array of urban theory, design, and representation books available, there is currently no book which brings together, in a single volume, urban design theory and new digital technologies in urban information mapping, modeling, and 3D simulation. Based on two decades of practicing and teaching architecture, author Brian McGrath's Digital Modelling for Urban Design explores the new theories and technologies of digital modelling, focusing on how to create moving and interactive 3D drawing, skills useful in the context of urban theory, and design and representation. Fully illustrated with original maps, 3D models, and drawings and photographs, this innovative work introduces digital modelling to students, architects, designers, and planners interested in the processes key to shaping the urban environment.

Author: 

Brian McGrath

Published: 

2008-10-01, Wiley

ISBN: 

978-0-470-03477-4

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The book compiles the main ideas and methodologies that have been proposed and tested within these last fifteen years in the field of Digital Soil Mapping (DSM). Begining with current experiences of soil information system developments in various regions of the world, this volume presents states of the art of different topics covered by DSM: Conception and handling of soil databases, sampling methods, new soil spatial covariates, Quantitative spatial modelling, Quality assessment and representation of DSM outputs. This book provides a solid support to students, researchers and engineers interested in modernising soil survey approaches with numerical techniques. It is also of great interest for potential soil data users.

Author: 

Philippe Lagacherie, Alex McBratney and Marc Voltz

Published: 

2006-12-01, Elsevier

ISBN: 

978-0-444-52958-9

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